{"id":1275,"date":"2025-08-16T09:04:17","date_gmt":"2025-08-16T09:04:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/?p=1275"},"modified":"2025-08-25T18:56:54","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T18:56:54","slug":"selecting-a-limited-palette-part-1-defining-and-representing-color","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/selecting-a-limited-palette-part-1-defining-and-representing-color\/","title":{"rendered":"Selecting a Limited Palette, Part 1:  Defining and Representing Color"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_5,3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; min_height=&#8221;421px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Why use a Limited Palette?<\/h1>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CheckJanuary31.2016.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;CheckJanuary31.2016&#8243; url=&#8221;http:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CheckSignedArtJanuary31.2013.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-18px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<em>Check,\u00a0<\/em>Watercolor by John McLaren, 2016[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||3px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<ul>\n<li>You learn about mixing pigments in general because you\u2019re forced to do more mixing. When you use a complex palette, you spend more time choosing a paint than you do mixing.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<ul>\n<li>You learn more about the particular pigments you are using. It\u2019s easier to learn about pigment interactions when you have fewer pigments in your palette.<\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||3px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<ul>\n<li>You insure your painting will remain color coordinated.<\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||-1px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<ul>\n<li>Helps to guarantee your painting remains in the area of the color wheel you want it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<ul>\n<li>It\u2019s a great way to experiment with a new pigment. If you have a favorite palette combination and get a new paint, substitute it in for one of your regulars.<\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<ul>\n<li>It\u2019s a way to force you out of your comfort zone. You may not be able to mix a particular color, so you have to settle for something that doesn\u2019t exactly match what your source shows you. In many ways, a palette defines an artist\u2019s style.<\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Learn how to make the eye \u2018see\u2019 colors that are not there \u2013 the \u2018magic\u2019 of pigments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h1>What is \u2018Color\u2019?<\/h1>\n<p>In order to communicate succinctly when referring to a color, it is best to describe a color\u2019s characteristics. Through the decades there have been numerous definitions related to what defines a color. Let\u2019s look at the most accepted of these.<\/p>\n<p>Modern color analyses follow a 3-dimensional model.<br \/>The three dimensions represent three characteristics of color.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h2>Three Characteristics of Color<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hue<\/strong>. This is typically what we refer to as the \u2018color\u2019 of something.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Saturation<\/strong>. This parameter addresses the intensity of a color \u2013 like a bright red versus a dull red. In general it represents how pure a color is versus how much gray it contains. Pigments are fine particles of solid material that reflect light. If they reflect only the light in a narrow band and absorb all other colors, then they are more \u2018pure\u2019 \u2013 or higher saturation. For example, a bright red is more chromatic than a dull red like red ochre.<br \/><em>Other terms used for saturation include \u2018chroma\u2019, and \u2018intensity\u2019<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Value<\/strong>. This simply represents how dark\/or light the color is.<\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h2>How are color characteristics represented?<\/h2>\n<p>The models commonly used to represent color are <strong>3-dimensional<\/strong> (since there are 3 parameters).\u00a0 Three dimensional models are either Cartesian or Polar.\u00a0 The models <strong>most often<\/strong> used to represent colors are of the <strong>Polar<\/strong> variety.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Polar models<\/strong> are like spheres. Think of a globe. Hue is represented as longitude \u2013 an angle from 0 to 360 degrees as we move around the globes equator. Chroma is represented as a distance from the center of the globe \u2013 the brightest colors will be on the outer surface of the globe. Value is represented as the line between the poles, with the North pole being white and the South pole being black.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Let&#8217;s look at each of the characteristics (the three dimensions of color)<\/h2>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;6px||||false|false&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; box_shadow_color=&#8221;#2EA3F2&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/HueMeasuredasanAngle-1.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;HueMeasuredasanAngle&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h3>HUE ANGLE<\/h3>\n<p>We are looking at the globe from above at a slice through the equator.\u00a0 The angles around the equator represent the range of colors.\u00a0 The selection of 0 degrees to represent red is arbitrary, and some models differ in this respect.\u00a0 From this model we can indicate any color by its angle.\u00a0 For example a middle yellow is called 90 degrees, etc.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||-2px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h3>HUE ANGLE SAMPLE\u00a0<\/h3>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>This table is an excerpt from a larger table that lists all pigments.\u00a0 The pigment here is PO62 (all pigments have alphanumeric indicators like this.\u00a0 For more information on this, refer to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/whats-in-your-paint\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What&#8217;s in Your Paint<\/a>.)\u00a0 Chemically, this pigment is a \u2018Benzimida\u2019 formula.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/HueAngleSample.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;HueAngleSample&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;2px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>In this table we are seeing the paint made from the PO62 pigment by several different manufacturers.\u00a0 Each manufacturer has its own name, for example Dan Smith refers to their version as \u2018Permanent Orange\u2019, etc.\u00a0 What we want to note specifically from this table is the column on the far right.\u00a0 It represents the HUE ANGLE of their version of the paint.\u00a0 Hue angles are measured with a spectrophotometer.\u00a0 The Dan Smith paint has a hue angle of 50, while MaimeriBlu\u2019s has an angle of 58.\u00a0 Take a look at the Hue Angle diagram.\u00a0 The hue angle of 50 is closer to red, and the 58 will be closer to yellow.\u00a0 In summary, if you\u2019re looking for a more reddish orange, the Dan Smith version would be more to your liking.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Palettes_Page_05.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Palettes_Page_05&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;6px||||false|false&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; box_shadow_color=&#8221;#2EA3F2&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h1>SATURATION (Chroma, Intensity)<\/h1>\n<p>Again, imagine you are looking down on the globe from above.\u00a0 The Chroma is a measure of how far from the center the particular color is.\u00a0 In this illustration, we are looking at a yellow-orange.\u00a0 At\u00a0 the outer edge, the orange is intense (high chroma). As the line goes toward the center it gradually gets grayer and becomes totally neutral at the center.\u00a0 Did you ever wonder why there are no browns on the color wheel?\u00a0 A brown is merely a low-chroma orange, red or yellow.\u00a0 When we had chroma to our model, our color wheel now has spokes (or radii). All the colors on one \u2018spoke\u2019 of the wheel like this are called \u2018shades\u2019.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Palettes_Page_06.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Palettes_Page_06&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;6px||||false|false&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; box_shadow_color=&#8221;#2EA3F2&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h1>VALUE<\/h1>\n<p>THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL<\/p>\n<p>At this point we are looking at the full \u2018globe\u2019.\u00a0 The \u2018value\u2019 is measured from North Pole to South Pole, with North being white and South is black. In this figure we have all three of the parameters shown: Hue going around equator, Saturation (Chroma) as spokes out from the middle, and Value as the north\/south poles.<\/p>\n<p>Note that the Values as shown as 1 to 10.\u00a0 This is typical of a Value Chart (below).<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/GrayScaleValueFinder.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;GrayScaleValueFinder&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;3_5,2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PalettesCindyMod_Page_07_Image_0001.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;PalettesCindyMod_Page_07_Image_0001&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Munsell-Color-Tree.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Munsell Color Tree&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h1>MUNSEL 3-D COLOR MODEL<\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Here we see <strong>more accurately<\/strong> where the different colors are found in the color model. \u00a0When represented in 3-d it is typically referred to as a \u2018<strong>color tree<\/strong>\u2019. Upon close inspection, we see that colors are positioned as we would expect.\u00a0 For example, the yellows are further north, because they are lighter.\u00a0 No matter how strongly you mix your yellow, it will never become as dark as a blue or a violet. Also, yellows are more intense- so they extend further from the center.\u00a0 If this diagram confuses you, skip it for now.\u00a0 It will make more sense with time.<\/p>\n<p>The yellows stick extend out much further than the blues, greens and violets.\u00a0 The yellows and oranges and some reds are much more intense (higher chroma) than the cool colors. This is due in part to the way our eyes perceive color.\u00a0 When drawing your mixing lines its important to keep this in mind when mixing with a yellow or orange.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||12px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||14px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Let&#8217;s find out how we can utilize the color tree.<\/h2>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Palettes_Page_08.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Palettes_Page_08&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;6px||||false|false&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset2&#8243; box_shadow_vertical=&#8221;10px&#8221; box_shadow_color=&#8221;#2EA3F2&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">HUE-CHROMA MODEL showing MIXING LINES<\/h4>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>A very important visualization tool provided by a color model is what we call \u2018mixing lines\u2019. For this lesson we just need a 2-d version of the color model with the Hue and Chroma parameters.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>Again, we are looking down from the north pole.\u00a0 The Hue is indicated as the angle around the circle and the chroma as the distance from the center.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;20px|25px|20px|25px|false|false&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset6&#8243; box_shadow_color=&#8221;#2EA3F2&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>In this particular example, we are looking at four different mixes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Green mixed with Magenta,<\/li>\n<li>Red (PR209) mixed with gray,<\/li>\n<li>Orange mixed with Magenta, and<\/li>\n<li>Yellow mixed with Magenta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>All four mixes produce the same color (Hue), indicated by the squares labeled \u2018mixing point\u2019, each with different saturations.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||2px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||8px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>A <strong><em>Mixing Line<\/em> <\/strong>is a line drawn on the color wheel between the two colors you are mixing.\u00a0 Any color along the line can be mixed by varying the ratio of the two paints. For example, to reach the mixing point shown we need more magenta than yellow, and more red than gray, etc.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p><strong>QUESTION:<\/strong> Can you see how you could reach the same mixing point using a blue and orange?<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||3px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Palettes_Page_10.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Palettes_Page_10&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;6px||||false|false&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset2&#8243; box_shadow_vertical=&#8221;10px&#8221; box_shadow_color=&#8221;#2EA3F2&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">PALETTE &#8216;GAMUT&#8217; using MIXING LINES<\/h4>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>In this diagram we have built a palette with 6 fairly chromatic paints. Then we connected these colors with mixing lines to create a space in the middle.\u00a0 The area within the polygon is called the Color Gamut for that particular palette. A <strong>color \u2018gamut\u2019<\/strong> shows all the possible colors you can mix. Everything within the polygon is mixable; anything outside is not mixable with this palette.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s important to show the pigments on the wheel in their actual position in order for the mixing lines to be accurate. That brings us to an actual pigment color wheel. or Pigment Chart.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;37px||5px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||3px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h1>THE PIGMENT CHART<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>Color wheels use \u2018ideal\u2019 colors. They assume that every color is possible.<\/li>\n<li>We work with Pigments, not colors, so we need a wheel that shows exactly which pigments are available and where they fall on the color wheel.<\/li>\n<li>Most pigment manufacturers have <strong>Color Charts<\/strong> or <strong>Pigment Charts<\/strong>. You can use any one \u2013 all manufacturers have essentially the same pigments<\/li>\n<li>These work for any wet medium. All artist media are made from the same pigments. The only thing that changes is the vehicle (and the names).<\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;3_5,2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;5px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Palettes_Page_14.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Palettes_Page_14&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>&nbsp;<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Palettes_Page_13.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Palettes_Page_13&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;6px||||false|false&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset2&#8243; box_shadow_vertical=&#8221;10px&#8221; box_shadow_color=&#8221;#2EA3F2&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Daniel Smith Pigment Chart<\/h4>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p style=\"text-align: center;\">This ends part one of this lesson. Part 2 will look at the process of selecting a palette, utilizing the Pigment Chart.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||16px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h1 class=\"entry-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">END Selecting a LImited Palette, Part 1: Defining and Representing Color<\/h1>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text=&#8221;John&#8217;sBlog Home&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why use a Limited Palette?Check,\u00a0Watercolor by John McLaren, 2016 You learn about mixing pigments in general because you\u2019re forced to do more mixing. When you use a complex palette, you spend more time choosing a paint than you do mixing.\u00a0 You learn more about the particular pigments you are using. It\u2019s easier to learn about [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"2880","footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-selecting-a-limited-palette"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Selecting a Limited Palette, Part 1: Defining and Representing Color - John Duncan McLaren<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Why use a Limited Palette? ... and how to get there, Part 1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.teaksouls.com\/johnsblog\/selecting-a-limited-palette-part-1-defining-and-representing-color\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Selecting a Limited Palette, Part 1: Defining and Representing Color - John Duncan McLaren\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Why use a Limited Palette? 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